Each test question addresses two Macro Statements simultaneously. The individual cells on the test matrix for ESPA show in a graphic way how this pairing is done.

The first through the fifth Macro Statements are general and apply to life, physical, and earth sciences. For example, the ESPA's second Macro Statement (5.2.1.2.3.4.5 {Problem Solving}) says students should "demonstrate investigative abilities by using problem solving skills." The sixth through the twelfth Macro Statements cover the fundamental concepts of life, physical, and earth sciences. For example, the ESPA's sixth Macro Statement (5.6.1.2.3 & 5.7.4 {Structure of Organisms}) says students should "demonstrate an understanding of structure and needs of organisms." Therefore, the second and sixth Macro Statements would be assessed together in a question that asks a student to classify structures related to function.

The following sample item was derived from the ESPA Content/Skill Outline 5.12.1.2.3 (Ecology). It links to the Knowledge Statement for 5.12.1.2.3 on page 24 which says, "Human needs impact the environment in ways that can be either beneficial or detrimental." Every test question can be linked to one or two Macro Statements and through the Macro Statements back to Core Curriculum Content Standards.
 

The answer is B.

This sample item may be placed in its appropriate cell on the ESPA test matrix (identified as cell "A,9") at the intersection of "Core Knowledge" and "Ecology."