A STUDENT SHOULD KNOW THAT:

A. OBJECTS IN THE DAY AND NIGHT SKY INCLUDE THE SUN, THE MOON AND THE STARS.

B. OBJECTS IN THE SKY HAVE PATTERNS OF MOVEMENT.

       1. The earth orbits (revolves) around the sun and spins (rotates) on its axis.
       2. The sun appears to move across the sky in the same way every day but changes its path over the seasons.  (Note: Students should never look directly at the sun.)
       3. Relative to the earth, the sun appears higher in the noon-time sky in the summer than it does in the winter.
       4. The moon moves across the sky.
       5. The observable shape (phase) of the moon changes from day to day in a cycle that lasts about a month. 
           There are four major phases of the moon and each phase takes a week.

C. TIME IS RELATED TO MOTIONS WITHIN THE EARTH-MOON-SUN SYSTEM.

       1. The earth orbits (revolves) around the sun in approximately 365 days.
       2. The earth spins (rotates) on its axis every 24 hours.
       3. The moon orbits around the earth in about 28 days.

D. THE EARTH IS THE THIRD PLANET FROM THE SUN.

A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

        . Identify the movement of a shadow cast on a sunny day, using recorded observations.
        . Observe and record the shadow cast by the sun as the shadow moves across a sundial.
        . Observe and record the change of the sun's position over the school year and relate the effect of these 
          changes to everyday life. (Note: Students should never look directly at the sun.)
        . Demonstrate day and night by modeling the earth as it spins on its axis.
        . Discover the sequence of the phases of the moon by observing and recording them over a month's 
          time (moon journal).
        . Construct a model of the solar system that shows the correct sequence of the planets.