A STUDENT SHOULD KNOW THAT:

A. PLANTS AND ANIMALS ARE COMPOSED OF DIFFERENT PARTS SERVING DIFFERENT PURPOSES.

1. See explanatory statements under C and E for illustrations.

B. PLANTS AND ANIMALS ARE COMPOSED OF DIFFERENT PARTS THAT WORK TOGETHER.

1. See explanatory statements under C and E for illustrations.

C. EACH KIND OF PLANT OR ANIMAL CONTINUES BEYOND THE LIFE OF THE INDIVIDUAL
     BECAUSE EACH KIND IS ABLE TO PRODUCE OFFSPRING.

1. Animals
   1. An animal goes through a particular set of stages from young to adult. Examples include the following:
      1. Many insects go from egg to larva to pupa to adult.
      2. Frogs go from egg to tadpole to adult.
      3. Larger animals change gradually in size from young to adult.
   2. Each generation of animals goes through changes in form from young to adult. The adult gives rise to the young of the next generation. This completed sequence of changes in form is called a life cycle.
2. Plants
   1. Stages of development in some plants include seed, seedling, and mature plant.
   2. Each generation of flowering plants goes through changes from seed to mature plant. The mature plant gives rise to the seeds of the next generation. This completed sequence of changes in form is called a life cycle.
      1. A flower is a structure in mature flowering plants that enables offspring to be produced in the form of seeds.

D. GREEN PLANTS USE LIGHT, WATER, AND AIR TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD; SOME ANIMALS EAT
     PLANTS; SOME OF THESE ANIMALS ARE EATEN BY OTHER ANIMALS. ALL ORGANISMS NEED
     ENERGY AND BUILDING MATERIALS.

1. Animals
   1. Animals that eat plants for food may in turn become food for other animals. This sequence is called a food chain.
2. Plants
   1. Plants in a given area provide the basic food supply for animals because only plants can manufacture food by utilizing the sun's energy
3. The sun is the primary source of energy for all living things.
4. The direction of the arrows in a food chain illustration shows the flow of energy. An example of a food chain is sun grass rabbit fox. The sun should be drawn first in the illustration of a food chain or food web.

E. THE MAJOR SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY INCLUDE THE NERVOUS, SKELETAL,
     RESPIRATORY, DIGESTIVE, AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS.

1. Nervous
   1. Parts: brain and senses
   2. Function: helps body react to the environment
2. Skeletal
   1. Parts: bones
   2. Function: provides support and protection
3. Respiratory
   1. Parts: lungs, nose, windpipe
   2. Function: transports air into and out of the body
4. Digestive
   1. Parts: mouth, tongue, teeth, esophagus, stomach, intestines
   2. Function: breaks down food to be used in the body
5. Circulatory
   1. Parts: heart, blood, blood vessels
   2. Function: transports materials throughout the body

F. THE FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS ARE INTERRELATED.

1. The circulatory system transports materials broken down by the digestive system.
2. The skeletal system protects the parts of the respiratory system.
3. When exercising, you breathe faster (respiratory system) and the heart pumps faster (circulatory system) supplying the body with more oxygen.

A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

• Group organisms according to the functions they serve in a food chain.
• Sequence the events in the life cycle of a typical flowering plant.
• Sequence the events in the life cycle of a variety of animals, including those that undergo metamorphosis.
• Hypothesize events that may occur when a body part malfunctions.
• Infer whether an object is living, based on whether it grows, moves, responds to its environment, uses food, and reproduces.