| 5.9.21.22 - ENERGY
I.
MACRO STATEMENT
IDENTIFY VARIOUS FORMS OF ENERGY
AND EXPLAIN HOW THEY ARE PRODUCED, TRANSFORMED AND/OR
TRANSFERRED. |
II. KNOWLEDGE STATEMENTS
A STUDENT SHOULD KNOW THAT:
A. THE FORCES THAT HOLD THE NUCLEUS
OF AN ATOM TOGETHER ARE STRONGER THAN
ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCES AND SIGNIFICANT
AMOUNTS OF ENERGY ARE RELEASED
DURING NUCLEAR CHANGE.
- Nuclear forces are strongly attractive
and much larger in relative magnitude than electrostatic and
gravitational forces.
- Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
are two special kinds of nuclear reactions in which energy
release is exceptionally large.
B. ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM ARE TWO
ASPECTS OF A SINGLE ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE.
- Moving electric charges produce magnetic
forces and moving magnets produce electric forces.
- A neutral object is one which has
an equal number of positive and negative charges.
- Electrical potential energy, like
gravitational potential energy, is changed when work is done
on an electric charge in moving it from one point to another
in an electric field to produce an electro-magnetic wave.
- An electric current occurs when a
quantity of charge moves through a particular point of a conductor
in a given period of time.
- When a charge moves through a particular
point of a conductor, a magnetic field is produced.
- When a conductor moves across externally
established magnetic lines of force, a current is induced
in the conductor.
C. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES RESULT WHEN
A CHARGED OBJECT IS ACCELERATED OR
DECELERATED. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
INCLUDE RADIO WAVES, MICROWAVES,
INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT,
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, X-RAYS, AND GAMMA
RAYS.
- Electromagnetic waves are distinguished
from each other by their wavelengths, i.e., the distance between
the crests (peaks) of successive waves.
- The Sun radiates almost every kind
of wave energy. Solar electromagnetic radiations include
the visible ight spectrum as well as X-rays, ultraviolet rays,
and infrared rays.
- The higher the frequency of the waves,
the more powerful the electromagnetic energy.
III.
SKILL STATEMENTS
TO UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPTS OUTLINED
ABOVE, A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
- Explain how electromagnetic waves
are generated.
- Identify components of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
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