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A. Number Sense
- Extend understanding of the number system by constructing
meanings for the following (unless otherwise noted, all indicators
for grade 8 pertain to these sets of numbers as well):
- Rational numbers
- Percents
- Exponents
- Roots
- Absolute values
- Numbers represented in scientific notation
- Demonstrate a sense of the relative magnitudes of numbers.
- Understand and use ratios, proportions, and percents (including
percents greater than 100 and less than 1) in a variety of situations.
- Compare and order numbers of all named types.
- Use whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and percents to represent
equivalent forms of the same number.
- Recognize that repeating decimals correspond to fractions
and determine their fractional equivalents.
- 5/7 = 0. 714285714285… = 0.714285
- Construct meanings for common irrational numbers, such as
π (pi) and the square root of 2.
B. Numerical Operations
- Use and explain procedures for performing calculations involving
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation
with integers and all number types named above with:
- Pencil-and-paper
- Mental math
- Calculator
- Use exponentiation to find whole number powers of numbers.
- Find square and cube roots of numbers and understand the inverse
nature of powers and roots.
- Solve problems involving proportions and percents.
- Understand and apply the standard algebraic order of operations,
including appropriate use of parentheses.
C. Estimation
- Estimate square and cube roots of numbers.
- Use equivalent representations of numbers such as fractions,
decimals, and percents to facilitate estimation.
- Recognize the limitations of estimation and assess the amount
of error resulting from estimation.
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