A. Geometric Properties

1. Identify and describe spatial relationships of two or more objects in space.
   • Direction, orientation, and perspectives (e.g., which object is on your left when you are standing here?)
   • Relative shapes and sizes
   • Shadows (projections) of everyday objects
2. Use properties of standard three-dimensional and two-dimensional shapes to identify, classify, and describe them.
   • Vertex, edge, face, side, angle
   • 3D figures - cube, rectangular prism, sphere, cone, cylinder, and pyramid
   • 2D figures - square, rectangle, circle, triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon, hexagon, octagon
   • Inclusive relationships - squares are rectangles, cubes are rectangular prisms
3. Identify and describe relationships among two-dimensional shapes.
   • Congruence
   • Lines of symmetry
4. Understand and apply concepts involving lines, angles, and circles.
   • Point, line, line segment, endpoint
   • Parallel, perpendicular
   • Angles - acute, right, obtuse
   • Circles - diameter, radius, center
5. Recognize, describe, extend, and create space-filling patterns.

B. Transforming Shapes

1. Use simple shapes to cover an area (tessellations).
2. Describe and use geometric transformations (slide, flip, turn).
3. Investigate the occurrence of geometry in nature and art.

C. Coordinate Geometry

1. Locate and name points in the first quadrant on a coordinate grid.
2. Use coordinates to give or follow directions from one point to another on a map or grid.

D. Units of Measurement

1. Understand that everyday objects have a variety of attributes, each of which can be measured in many ways.
2. Select and use appropriate standard units of measure and measurement tools to solve real-life problems
   • Length - fractions of an inch (1/8, 1/4, 1/2), mile, decimeter, kilometer
   • Area - square inch, square centimeter
   • Volume - cubic inch, cubic centimeter
   • Weight - ounce
   • Capacity - fluid ounce, cup, gallon, milliliter
3. Develop and use personal referents to approximate standard units of measure (e.g., a common paper clip is about an inch long).
4. Incorporate estimation in measurement activities (e.g., estimate before measuring).
5. Solve problems involving elapsed time.

E. Measuring Geometric Objects

1. Determine the area of simple two-dimensional shapes on a square grid.
2. Distinguish between perimeter and area and use each appropriately in problem-solving situations.
3. Measure and compare the volume of three-dimensional objects using materials such as rice or cubes.