• 76% of parents report using their cell phone while at the playground with their child.

Mackay, L. J., Komanchuk, J., Hayden, K. A., & Letourneau, N. (2022). Impacts of parental technoference on parent-child relationships and child health and developmental outcomes: A scoping review protocol. Systematic Reviews, 11(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-01918-3

• Parents use their cell phone for an average of 4 hours per day and check their phone for
notifications an average of 67 times per day.

Lippold, M. A., McDaniel, B. T., & Jensen, T. M. (2022). Mindful parenting and parent technology use: Examining the intersections and outlining future research directions. Social Sciences, 11(2), 43.
https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11020043

• 77.5% of American adolescents reported parental technoference at least some of the time.

• Adolescents with a high level of parental phubbing were more likely to cyberbully others.

• Parental technoference was associated with adolescent technoference.

Dixon, D., Sharp, C. A., Hughes, K., & Hughes, J. Carl. (2023). Parental technoference and
adolescents’ mental health and violent behaviour: A scoping review. BMC Public Health, 23(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16850-x

• 4 of every 10 parents and teens report regularly arguing with one another about time spent on
their phone.

• 46% of teens say their parent is at least sometimes distracted by their phone when they’re
trying to talk to them.

Anderson, M., Faverio, M., & Park, E. (2024, March 11). How teens and parents approach screen
time. Pew Research Center.
https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/03/11/how-teens-and-parents-approach-screen-time/

• Nearly half (48%) of parents report / recognize that their own phone use disrupts interactions
with their child 3 or more times on a typical day.

• 40% of mothers and 32% of fathers state that they believe their digital technology use is
problematic.

• Greater techonference in parents is associated with greater behavioral problems in children.

McDaniel, B. T., & Radesky, J. S. (2017). Technoference: Parent distraction with technology and
associations with child behavior problems. Child Development, 89(1), 100–109.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12822

• Children are less relaxed, more upset, and unsatisfied when their parents is using a phone
during their interactions.

• When technoference occurs between parents and their children, parents are less aware and
sensitive to their child’s needs. There are also fewer verbal and nonverbal interactions, along
with less coordinated parenting and coparenting. Children express dissatisfaction with time
spent together and are more likely to have negative reactions such as tantrums and other
problematic behaviors.

McDaniel, B. T. (2019). Parent distraction with phones, reasons for use, and impacts on parenting
and child outcomes: A review of the emerging research. Human Behavior and Emerging
Technologies, 1(2), 72–80.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.139

• discusses importance of creating a healty parenting environment with healthy parental smartphone use = “positive parenting”

• "positive parenting" includes warmth, affection, empathy, consistency, providing basic safety and emotional support

Doo, E.-Y., & Kim, J.-H. (2022). Parental smartphone addiction and adolescent smartphone addiction
by negative parenting attitude and adolescent aggression: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public
Health, 10.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.981245

• focuses on "harm-reduction, and positive digital media use approaches", and suggests "family media plan" involving parents and children

• suggestions to reach a new norm = less "passive media use" and "indirect exposure" such as keeping TV on in living room all day, limiting time to one hour per day, co-viewing with the child, prioritizing high-quality child-directed educational content, seek a screen-free daycare

Fitzpatrick, C., Binet, M.-A., Cristini, E., Almeida, M. L., Bégin, M., & Frizzo, G. B. (2023). Reducing
harm and promoting positive media use strategies: New Perspectives in understanding the impact of
preschooler media use on health and development. Psychology: Research and Review, 36(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-023-00262-2

• provides several links along with PDFs in both English and Spanish

National Institute of Health — We Can! “Reduce Screen Time” Tools & Resources Page
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/tools-resources/tools-reduce-screen-time.htm

• aspirational norm = "quality, real-life face time"

• article provides recommendations to parents struggling with tech overload... shared play with NON-tablet games, share a common focus / joint attention, designate tech-free outings, schedule tech-free times at home, set timers for your own screen use

Healthy Children.org — Parents of young children: Why your screen time matters, too!
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/Parents-of-Young-Children-Put-Down-Your-Smartphones.aspx

• tips for parents to reach a new norm: acknowledge your own screen habits, turn off push notifications, use do not disturb mode, converse with other parents about what worked for them to limit their phone use

Boston Children’s Hospital Digital Wellness Lab — How do I model good digital media and
tech habits for my kids?
https://digitalwellnesslab.org/articles/how-do-i-model-good-digital-media-and-tech-habits-for-my-kids/

• more than half of parents in 2023 had a new years resolution related to decreasing their screen time

• suggestions / aspirational norms = connect with nature, change phone to greyscale coloring, batch notifications, intentional tech-free times within household

Psychology Today — Over half of parents want to reduce their phone use…
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/joyful-parenting/202312/over-half-of-parents-want-to-reduce-their-phone-use?amp

• several suggestions for healthier parental smartphone habits and "tech-minimalism": turn off beeps/vibrations/rings, no mindless scrolling to pass time, absorbing a moment as it happens instead of taking out phone to take a picture, leave the phone at home when running small errands with your kids

Business Insider — I rewarded myself every time I avoided using my phone around my kids…
https://www.businessinsider.com/reward-myself-parent-when-dont-use-phone-around-kid-2023-9

• screen time – the amount of time spent looking at a screen, be it a phone, computer, tablet, or television (Muppalla et al., 2023)

• technoference – interference in relationships due to screen time, especially when devices like cell phones interrupt face-to-face interactions (Mackay et al., 2022)

• phubbing – ignoring someone in a social setting by being on your phone; “phone snubbing” (Capilla Garrido et al., 2021)

• attention residue – the lingering of one task in your mind while trying to focus on another, like thinking about your phone while spending time with your child; can lead to disengagement in the activity (Newton et al., 2019)

• social norms – accepted standards or behaviors within a society or group; regarding this campaign, relates to how phone use is perceived in family interactions (Sisk et al., 2020)

• aspirational norms – standards or behaviors that individuals or families strive to adopt as ideal, even if they are not always practiced consistently (Sisk et al., 2020)

• micro-moments – brief interactions or exchanges between a parent and their child that act as building blocks for connection; tender moments which can be missed if frequently interrupted by screens (Lareau & Rao, 2020)

• serve and return – metaphor for responsive and interactive parenting which has positive effects on the child’s brain development; examples include sticking your tongue out when your toddler sticks out theirs, joining your teenager in singing a song when they are humming a tune, stopping to smell a flower bush when your child points at them and says they are pretty; the serve and return is disrupted by parental immersion in their cell phones (Komanchuk et al., 2023)

• mindful parenting – an approach to parenting that emphasizes presence in the current moment with your child, emotional awareness and connectivity, and attention to needs without digital distractions (Lippold et al., 2022)

• device-free zone – designated areas or periods of time in a home where device use is not allowed, promoting face-to-face interactions

• health literacy – the ability to find, understand, and use information related to health and well-being to make informed decisions

• tiempo frente a la pantalla – la cantidad de tiempo que se pasa mirando una pantalla, ya sea un teléfono, computadora, tableta o televisión (Muppalla et al., 2023)

• tecnoferencia – interferencia en las relaciones debido al tiempo frente a la pantalla, especialmente cuando dispositivos como los teléfonos interrumpen las interacciones cara a cara (Mackay et al., 2022)

• phubbing – ignorar a alguien en un entorno social al estar usando el teléfono; "desaire telefónico" (Capilla Garrido et al., 2021)

• residuo de atención – la permanencia de una tarea en la mente mientras se intenta concentrarse en otra, como pensar en su teléfono mientras se pasa tiempo con su hijo; puede llevar a la desconexión de la actividad (Newton et al., 2019)

• normas sociales – estándares o comportamientos aceptados dentro de una sociedad o grupo; en relación con esta campaña, se refieren a cómo se percibe el uso del teléfono en las interacciones familiares (Sisk et al., 2020)

• normas aspiracionales – estándares o comportamientos que las personas o familias buscan adoptar como ideal, aunque no siempre se practiquen de manera consistente (Sisk et al., 2020)

• micro-momentos – interacciones o intercambios breves entre un padre/madre y su hijo que actúan como bloques de conexión; momentos tiernos que pueden perderse si son interrumpidos con frecuencia por pantallas (Lareau & Rao, 2020)

• servir y devolver – metáfora para describir una crianza receptiva e interactiva que tiene efectos positivos en el desarrollo cerebral del niño; ejemplos incluyen sacar la lengua cuando tu bebé saca la suya, unirte a tu adolescente al cantar una canción que está tarareando, detenerse a oler un arbusto de flores cuando tu hijo señala y dice que son bonitas; el servir y devolver se interrumpe por la inmersión de los padres en sus teléfonos móviles (Komanchuk et al., 2023)

• crianza consciente – un enfoque de crianza que enfatiza la presencia en el momento actual con el hijo, la conciencia emocional y la conectividad, y la atención a las necesidades sin distracciones digitales (Lippold et al., 2022)

• zona libre de dispositivos – áreas designadas o períodos de tiempo en un hogar donde no se permite el uso de dispositivos, promoviendo las interacciones cara a cara

• alfabetización en salud – la capacidad de encontrar, entender y utilizar información relacionada con la salud y el bienestar para tomar decisiones informadas